Soil Data Explorer - LEHEW

Official Series Description

Lab Data Summary

Aggregate lab data for the LEHEW soil series. This aggregation is based on all pedons with a current taxon name of LEHEW, and applied along 1-cm thick depth slices. Solid lines are the slice-wise median, bounded on either side by the interval defined by the slice-wise 5th and 95th percentiles. The median is the value that splits the data in half. Five percent of the data are less than the 5th percentile, and five percent of the data are greater than the 95th percentile. Values along the right hand side y-axis describe the proportion of pedon data that contribute to aggregate values at this depth. For example, a value of "90%" at 25cm means that 90% of the pedons correlated to LEHEW were used in the calculation. Source: KSSL snapshot (updated 2020-03-13). Methods used to assemble the KSSL snapshot used by SoilWeb / SDE

Pedons used in the lab summary:

MLRA	Lab ID	Pedon ID	Taxonname	CI	NSSL / NASIS Reports	Link To SoilWeb GMap
147	85P0088	84WV027001	Lehew	6	Primary | Supplementary | Taxonomy | Pedon | Water Retention | Correlation | Andic Soil Properties	39.3177795,-78.5699997

Water Balance

Monthly water balance estimated using a leaky-bucket style model for the LEHEW soil series. Monthly precipitation (PPT) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) have been estimated from the 50th percentile of gridded values (PRISM 1981-2010) overlapping with the extent of SSURGO map units containing each series as a major component. Monthly PET values were estimated using the method of Thornthwaite (1948). These (and other) climatic parameters are calculated with each SSURGO refresh and provided by the fetchOSD function of the soilDB package. Representative water storage values (“AWC” in the figures) were derived from SSURGO by taking the 50th percentile of profile-total water storage (sum[awc_r * horizon thickness]) for each soil series. Note that this representation of “water storage” is based on the average ability of most plants to extract soil water between 15 bar (“permanent wilting point”) and 1/3 bar (“field capacity”) matric potential. Soil moisture state can be roughly interpreted as “dry” when storage is depleted, “moist” when storage is between 0mm and AWC, and “wet” when there is a surplus. Clearly there are a lot of assumptions baked into this kind of monthly water balance. This is still a work in progress.

Sibling Summary

Siblings are those soil series that occur together in map units, in this case with the LEHEW series. Sketches are arranged according to their subgroup-level taxonomic structure. Source: SSURGO snapshot (updated 2024-02-21), parsed OSD records (updated 2023-10-02) and snapshot of SC database (updated 2023-10-02).

Select annual climate data summaries for the LEHEW series and siblings. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of median values. Source: SSURGO map unit geometry and 1981-2010, 800m PRISM data (updated 2023-10-09).

Geomorphic description summaries for the LEHEW series and siblings. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of proportions and relative hydrologic position within an idealized landform (e.g. top to bottom). Most soil series (SSURGO components) are associated with a hillslope position and one or more landform-specific positions: hills, mountain slopes, terraces, and/or flats. Proportions can be interpreted as an aggregate representation of geomorphic membership. The values printed to the left (number of component records) and right (Shannon entropy) of stacked bars can be used to judge the reliability of trends. Small Shannon entropy values suggest relatively consistent geomorphic association, while larger values suggest lack thereof. Source: SSURGO component records (updated 2023-10-04).

Competing Series

Soil series competing with LEHEW share the same family level classification in Soil Taxonomy. Source: parsed OSD records (updated 2023-10-02) and snapshot of the SC database (updated 2023-10-02).

Select annual climate data summaries for the LEHEW series and competing. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of median values. Source: SSURGO map unit geometry and 1981-2010, 800m PRISM data (updated 2023-10-09).

Geomorphic description summaries for the LEHEW series and competing. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of proportions and relative hydrologic position within an idealized landform (e.g. top to bottom). Proportions can be interpreted as an aggregate representation of geomorphic membership. Most soil series (SSURGO components) are associated with a hillslope position and one or more landform-specific positions: hills, mountain slopes, terraces, and/or flats. The values printed to the left (number of component records) and right (Shannon entropy) of stacked bars can be used to judge the reliability of trends. Shannon entropy values close to 0 represent soil series with relatively consistent geomorphic association, while values close to 1 suggest lack thereof. Source: SSURGO component records (updated 2023-10-04).

There are insufficient data to create the 3D terrace figure.

There are insufficient data to create the 3D flats position figure.

Soil series sharing subgroup-level classification with LEHEW, arranged according to family differentiae. Hovering over a series name will print full classification and a small sketch from the OSD. Source: snapshot of SC database (updated 2023-10-02).

Block Diagrams

Click a link below to display the diagram. Note that these diagrams may be from multiple survey areas.

1. AL-2012-04-24-13 | Calhoun County - September 1961

   Some of the general soil areas, or soil associations, in relation to topographic position and parent material (Soil Survey of Calhoun County, Alabama; September 1961).

2. PA-2012-03-12-17 | Blair County - October 1981

   Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Laidig-Hazleton-Buchanan association (Soil Survey of Blair County, PA; 1981).

3. PA-2012-03-13-26 | Franklin County - August 1975

   Relationship of underlying material and topography in association 1 (Soil Survey of Franklin County, PA; 1975).

4. PA-2012-03-13-33 | Fulton County - 2004

   Diagram showing pattern of soils and their parent material on a mountain slope and in an adjacent valley in eastern Fulton County (Soil Survey of Fulton County, PA; 2004).

5. TN-2012-03-19-16 | Loudon County - June 1961

   Diagram showing distribution and pattern of soils in area 3 (Soil Survey of Loudon County, TN; 1961).

Map Units

Map units containing LEHEW as a major component. Limited to 250 records.

Map Unit Name	Symbol	Map Unit Area (ac)	Map Unit Key	National Map Unit Symbol	Soil Survey Area	Publication Date	Map Scale
Lehew-montevallo soils, 15 to 30 percent slopes	LhE	4074	523347	kkl5	al015	1959	1:20000
Lehew-montevallo soils, 10 to 15 percent slopes, eroded	LhD2	1965	523346	kkl4	al015	1959	1:20000
Lehew-montevallo soils, 2 to 10 percent slopes, eroded	LhC2	1281	523345	kkl3	al015	1959	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very stony	LfE	2312	2401190	2llmr	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LeC	1223	2401186	2llmm	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 45 to 65 percent slopes, very rubbly	LhF	793	2401193	2llmv	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LeD	392	2401187	2llmn	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, very stony	LfD	362	2401189	2llmq	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes	LeB	326	2401185	2llml	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very rubbly	LhE	192	2401192	2llmt	md001	2009	1:12000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony	LfC	50	2401188	2llmp	md001	2009	1:12000
Calvin, Ungers, and Lehew channery loams, 10 to 20 percent slopes, moderately eroded	CnC2	19630	532899	kwj9	md023	1970	1:20000
Ungers, Calvin, and Lehew channery loams, 0 to 10 percent slopes	UcB	12430	532943	kwkq	md023	1970	1:20000
Dekalb-Calvin-Lehew very stony loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes	DcD	12190	532914	kwjs	md023	1970	1:20000
Calvin, Ungers, and Lehew channery loams, 20 to 35 percent slopes, moderately eroded	CnD2	6930	532900	kwjb	md023	1970	1:20000
Calvin and Lehew channery loams, 35 to 50 percent slopes	ClE	6160	532898	kwj8	md023	1970	1:20000
Dekalb-Calvin-Lehew very stony loams, 0 to 15 percent slopes	DcC	3400	532913	kwjr	md023	1970	1:20000
Calvin, Ungers, and Lehew channery loams, 20 to 35 percent slopes, severely eroded	CnD3	1930	532901	kwjc	md023	1970	1:20000
Ungers-Lehew complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very stony	UgF	8306	541856	l5v7	pa009	1989	1:24000
Lehew very stony loam, 25 to 50 percent slopes	LnF	3270	542378	l6d2	pa013	1978	1:20000
Lehew very stony loam, 8 to 25 percent slopes	LnD	1407	542377	l6d1	pa013	1978	1:20000
Lehew very stony loam, 8 to 25 percent slopes	LpD	177	693767	r8xl	pa041	1980	1:15840
Lehew very stony loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes	LpB	49	693766	r8xk	pa041	1980	1:15840
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 25 to 80 percent slopes	DlF	34501	540729	l4nw	pa043	1967	1:15840
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 8 to 25 percent slopes	DlD	18370	540728	l4nv	pa043	1967	1:15840
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 0 to 8 percent slopes	DlB	6848	540727	l4nt	pa043	1967	1:15840
Dekalb and Lehew sandy loams, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony	DlgB	122	737605	srjq	pa043	1967	1:15840
Dekalb and Lehew sandy loams, 25 to 80 percent slopes, very stony	DlgF	111	737606	srjr	pa043	1967	1:15840
Lehew very channery fine sandy loam, 8 to 25 percent slopes, extremely stony	LhD	1410	545160	l98t	pa055	1999	1:24000
Dekalb and Lehew sandy loams, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony	DlgB	14	1397689	1hxdr	pa075	1976	1:20000
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 25 to 80 percent slopes	DlE	84649	539074	l2yh	pa081	1981	1:20000
Lehew very stony loam, 8 to 25 percent slopes	LpD	2767	693992	r94v	pa099	1980	1:15840
Lehew very stony loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes	LpB	798	693991	r94t	pa099	1980	1:15840
Dekalb and Lehew extremely stony soils, steep	DMF	66675	539710	l3m0	pa107	1977	1:20000
Lehew extremely stony loam, 8 to 25 percent slopes	LhC	6504	539743	l3n2	pa107	1977	1:20000
Lehew extremely stony loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes	LhB	1482	539742	l3n1	pa107	1977	1:20000
Lehew channery loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes	LgB	753	539739	l3my	pa107	1977	1:20000
Lehew channery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LgC	747	539740	l3mz	pa107	1977	1:20000
Lehew channery loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LgD	697	539741	l3n0	pa107	1977	1:20000
Lehew-Montevallo loams, steep phases	Lk	7199	526934	kp9w	tn011	1951	1:20000
Lehew-Montevallo loams, rolling phases	Lh	1890	526933	kp9v	tn011	1951	1:20000
Lehew-Montevallo loams, hilly phases	Lg	1755	526932	kp9t	tn011	1951	1:20000
Lehew-Montevallo loams, eroded hilly phases	Ld	1491	526929	kp9q	tn011	1951	1:20000
Lehew-Montevallo loams, eroded steep phases	Lf	1006	526931	kp9s	tn011	1951	1:20000
Lehew-Montevallo loams, eroded rolling phases	Le	894	526930	kp9r	tn011	1951	1:20000
Lehew fine sandy loam	Lh	9307	524526	klt6	tn025	1948	1:24000
Lehew fine sandy loam, hilly phase	Lhl	377	524527	klt7	tn025	1948	1:24000
Lehew loam, very steep phase	LhF	507	525972	kn9v	tn105	1958	1:15840
Lehew loam, moderately steep phase	LhD	464	525970	kn9s	tn105	1958	1:15840
Lehew loam, steep phase	LhE	355	525971	kn9t	tn105	1958	1:15840
Lehew channery loam, 25 to 60 percent slopes	LeF	20263	528583	kr12	tn602	1973	1:15840
Lehew very fine sandy loam, very steep phase	Ld	1941	1899525	21rm0	tn609	1955	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 35 to 55 percent slopes, very stony	30E	21253	834362	x06x	va005	2003	1:24000
Lehew-Berks complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony	30D	6731	834361	x06w	va005	2003	1:24000
Lehew-Berks-Rock outcrop complex, 55 to 80 percent slopes, extremely stony	31F	5869	834363	x06y	va005	2003	1:24000
Lehew-Berks complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony	30C	893	834360	x06v	va005	2003	1:24000
Hazleton-Lehew complex, 25 to 70 percent slopes	52F	31280	517906	kcxn	va015	1978	1:15840
Lehew flaggy fine sandy loam, 45 to 70 percent slopes	57F	19498	517947	kcyz	va015	1978	1:15840
Lehew flaggy fine sandy loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes	57E	5871	517946	kcyy	va015	1978	1:15840
Lehew fine sandy loam, rocky, 7 to 25 percent slopes	56D	4127	517943	kcyv	va015	1978	1:15840
Lehew fine sandy loam, 7 to 25 percent slopes	55D	1614	517936	kcym	va015	1978	1:15840
Lehew-Berks complex, 35 to 55 percent slopes, very stony	27E	13306	1451484	1kqd2	va017	2005	1:24000
Lehew-Berks-Rock outcrop complex, 55 to 80 percent slopes, extremely stony	28F	7157	1451485	1kqd3	va017	2005	1:24000
Lehew-Berks complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony	27D	5057	1451483	1kqd1	va017	2005	1:24000
Lehew-Berks complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony	27C	1599	1451482	1kqd0	va017	2005	1:24000
Lehew-Dekalb complex, 30 to 60 percent slopes, extremely stony	36E	3841	519091	kf4w	va023	1990	1:20000
Lehew-Dekalb complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, extremely stony	36D	787	519090	kf4v	va023	1990	1:20000
Gainesboro-Lehew complex, 25 to 65 percent slopes	18E	7518	521077	kh6y	va069	1983	1:15840
Gainesboro-Lehew complex, 7 to 15 percent slopes	18C	7397	521075	kh6w	va069	1983	1:15840
Gainesboro-Lehew complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes	18D	5987	521076	kh6x	va069	1983	1:15840
Gainesboro-Lehew complex, 2 to 7 percent slopes	18B	1112	521074	kh6v	va069	1983	1:15840
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes	26E	1010	521098	kh7m	va069	1983	1:15840
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes	26D	817	521097	kh7l	va069	1983	1:15840
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes	26C	593	521096	kh7k	va069	1983	1:15840
Lehew and Wallen soils, very stony, 35 to 65 percent slopes	23F	5735	516677	kbn0	va071	1981	1:15840
Lehew-Berks complex, 35 to 55 percent slopes, very stony	26F	12599	2512060	2q7w8	va091	2010	1:24000
Lehew-Berks-Rock outcrop complex, 55 to 80 percent slopes, extremely stony	27G	3402	2512062	2q7wb	va091	2010	1:24000
Lehew-Berks complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony	26E	3342	2512059	2q7w7	va091	2010	1:24000
Lehew-Berks complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony	26C	808	2512061	2q7w9	va091	2010	1:24000
Dekalb-Lehew-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 80 percent slopes, extremely stony	15F	10600	2514746	2qd9j	va163	2010	1:24000
Dekalb, Lehew, and Berks soils, 35 to 70 percent slopes, very stony	14F	6650	2514744	2q9ll	va163	2010	1:24000
Dekalb-Lehew-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony	15E	1841	2514745	2q9lm	va163	2010	1:24000
Dekalb, Lehew, and Berks soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony	14E	1787	2514743	2q9lk	va163	2010	1:24000
Dekalb, Lehew, and Berks soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very stony	14C	231	2514742	2q9lj	va163	2010	1:24000
Lehew, Dekalb, and Calvin soils, 45 to 65 percent slopes, very stony	44F	57280	518420	kdg7	va165	1980	1:20000
Lehew, Dekalb, and Calvin soils, 25 to 45 percent slopes, very stony	44E	13176	518419	kdg6	va165	1980	1:20000
Lehew, Dekalb, and Calvin cobbly soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes	43D	7213	518418	kdg5	va165	1980	1:20000
Lehew, Dekalb, and Calvin cobbly soils, 5 to 15 percent slopes	43C	5351	518417	kdg4	va165	1980	1:20000
Lehew and Gainesboro soils, 25 to 35 percent slopes	38E	2396	520760	kgwq	va171	1988	1:15840
Wallen-Lehew complex, 55 to 70 percent slopes, extremely stony	66F	2150	520812	kgyd	va171	1988	1:15840
Wallen-Lehew complex, 35 to 55 percent slopes, very stony	65E	2010	520810	kgyb	va171	1988	1:15840
Wallen-Lehew complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony	65D	1832	520809	kgy9	va171	1988	1:15840
Lehew and Gainesboro soils, 7 to 15 percent slopes	38C	1414	520758	kgwn	va171	1988	1:15840
Lehew and Gainesboro soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes	38D	1127	520759	kgwp	va171	1988	1:15840
Wallen-Lehew complex, 35 to 55 percent slopes, extremely stony	66E	514	520811	kgyc	va171	1988	1:15840
Lehew and Gainesboro soils, 2 to 7 percent slopes	38B	437	520757	kgwm	va171	1988	1:15840
Wallen-Lehew complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes, very stony	65C	395	520808	kgy8	va171	1988	1:15840
Lehew loam, 35 to 50 percent slopes, very stony	LeF	470	1712948	1vhgd	wv063	1962	1:24000
Lehew loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes, very stony	LeE	382	1712947	1vhgc	wv063	1962	1:24000
Hazleton-Lehew-Dekalb complex, 35 to 65 percent slopes, extremely stony	HlF	4703	555749	ln9d	wv065	2003	1:24000
Lehew, Hazleton, and Dekalb soils, 35 to 55 percent slopes, stony	LkF	19446	514180	k81g	wv071	1988	1:20000
Lehew, Hazleton, and Dekalb soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, stony	LkE	5086	514179	k81f	wv071	1988	1:20000
Lehew, Hazleton, and Dekalb soils, 55 to 80 percent slopes, stony	LkG	4264	514181	k81h	wv071	1988	1:20000
Lehew, Hazleton, and Dekalb soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes, stony	LkC	1591	514178	k81d	wv071	1988	1:20000
Lehew and Dekalb soils, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LhC	1076	514176	k81b	wv071	1988	1:20000
Lehew and Dekalb soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LhD	919	514177	k81c	wv071	1988	1:20000
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 35 to 65 percent slopes	DlF	25265	555893	lng1	wv608	1973	1:20000
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 15 to 35 percent slopes	DlE	17550	555892	lng0	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, severely eroded	LkC3	15720	555939	lnhj	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 25 to 35 percent slopes	LkE	14411	555942	lnhm	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LkD	9878	555940	lnhk	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded	LkD3	8445	555941	lnhl	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LkC	8284	555938	lnhh	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Dekalb flaggy fine sandy loams, 35 to 65 percent slopes	LlF	6489	555947	lnhs	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 35 to 65 percent slopes	LkF	5618	555943	lnhn	wv608	1973	1:20000
Dekalb and Lehew very stony sandy loams, 3 to 15 percent slopes	DlC	4414	555891	lnfz	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LeC	3566	555930	lnh7	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Dekalb flaggy fine sandy loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LlD	3427	555945	lnhq	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, severely eroded	LeC3	3146	555931	lnh8	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes	LeE	2812	555934	lnhc	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LeD	2577	555932	lnh9	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes	LkB	2279	555936	lnhf	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Dekalb flaggy fine sandy loams, 25 to 35 percent slopes	LlE	2001	555946	lnhr	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 35 to 65 percent slopes	LeF	1961	555935	lnhd	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Dekalb flaggy fine sandy loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LlC	1488	555944	lnhp	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes	LeB	1477	555928	lnh5	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent percent slopes, severely eroded	LeD3	1294	555933	lnhb	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew-Berks complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes severely eroded	LkB3	1040	555937	lnhg	wv608	1973	1:20000
Lehew channery fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, severely eroded	LeB3	622	555929	lnh6	wv608	1973	1:20000
Dekalb, Hazleton, and Lehew very stony soils, 35 to 65 percent slopes	DsF	34235	515897	k9tv	wv628	1980	1:20000
Dekalb, Hazleton, and Lehew stony soils, 35 to 65 percent slopes	DlF	34045	515894	k9tr	wv628	1980	1:20000
Dekalb, Hazleton, and Lehew stony soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes	DlE	17857	515893	k9tq	wv628	1980	1:20000
Dekalb, Hazleton, and Lehew very stony soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes	DsE	12964	515896	k9tt	wv628	1980	1:20000
Dekalb, Hazleton, and Lehew stony soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes	DlC	5995	515892	k9tp	wv628	1980	1:20000
Lehew channery loam, 25 to 35 percent slopes	LeE	5494	515930	k9vx	wv628	1980	1:20000
Dekalb, Hazleton, and Lehew very stony soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes	DsC	4948	515895	k9ts	wv628	1980	1:20000
Lehew and Dekalb channery loams, 15 to 25 percent slopes	LlD	4903	515933	k9w0	wv628	1980	1:20000
Lehew and Dekalb channery loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes	LlC	3482	515932	k9vz	wv628	1980	1:20000
Lehew and Dekalb channery loams, 3 to 8 percent slopes	LlB	588	515931	k9vy	wv628	1980	1:20000
Lehew-Dekalb channery sandy loams, 15 to 65 percent slopes, extremely stony	LdF	2470	2516653	261c9	wv713		1:24000

Map of Series Extent

Approximate geographic distribution of the LEHEW soil series. To learn more about how this distribution was mapped, or to compare this soil series extent to others, use the Series Extent Explorer (SEE) application. Source: generalization of SSURGO geometry (updated 2023-10-04).