Soil Data Explorer - CROSWELL

Official Series Description

Lab Data Summary

Aggregate lab data for the CROSWELL soil series. This aggregation is based on all pedons with a current taxon name of CROSWELL, and applied along 1-cm thick depth slices. Solid lines are the slice-wise median, bounded on either side by the interval defined by the slice-wise 5th and 95th percentiles. The median is the value that splits the data in half. Five percent of the data are less than the 5th percentile, and five percent of the data are greater than the 95th percentile. Values along the right hand side y-axis describe the proportion of pedon data that contribute to aggregate values at this depth. For example, a value of "90%" at 25cm means that 90% of the pedons correlated to CROSWELL were used in the calculation. Source: KSSL snapshot (updated 2020-03-18). Methods used to assemble the KSSL snapshot used by SoilWeb / SDE

Pedons used in the lab summary:

MLRA	Lab ID	Pedon ID	Taxonname	CI	NSSL / NASIS Reports	Link To SoilWeb GMap
94A	11N0113	S2010MI039001	Croswell	6	Primary | Supplementary | Taxonomy | Pedon | Water Retention | Correlation | Andic Soil Properties	44.8163444,-84.4175
96	11N0114	S2010MI079001	Croswell	6	Primary | Supplementary | Taxonomy | Pedon | Water Retention | Correlation | Andic Soil Properties	44.7433806,-85.1261139

Water Balance

Monthly water balance estimated using a leaky-bucket style model for the CROSWELL soil series. Monthly precipitation (PPT) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) have been estimated from the 50th percentile of gridded values (PRISM 1981-2010) overlapping with the extent of SSURGO map units containing each series as a major component. Monthly PET values were estimated using the method of Thornthwaite (1948). These (and other) climatic parameters are calculated with each SSURGO refresh and provided by the fetchOSD function of the soilDB package. Representative water storage values (“AWC” in the figures) were derived from SSURGO by taking the 50th percentile of profile-total water storage (sum[awc_r * horizon thickness]) for each soil series. Note that this representation of “water storage” is based on the average ability of most plants to extract soil water between 15 bar (“permanent wilting point”) and 1/3 bar (“field capacity”) matric potential. Soil moisture state can be roughly interpreted as “dry” when storage is depleted, “moist” when storage is between 0mm and AWC, and “wet” when there is a surplus. Clearly there are a lot of assumptions baked into this kind of monthly water balance. This is still a work in progress.

Sibling Summary

Siblings are those soil series that occur together in map units, in this case with the CROSWELL series. Sketches are arranged according to their subgroup-level taxonomic structure. Source: SSURGO snapshot (updated 2024-10-24), parsed OSD records (updated 2024-10-23) and snapshot of SC database (updated 2024-10-23).

Select annual climate data summaries for the CROSWELL series and siblings. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of median values. Source: SSURGO map unit geometry and 1981-2010, 800m PRISM data (updated 2024-10-23).

Geomorphic description summaries for the CROSWELL series and siblings. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of proportions and relative hydrologic position within an idealized landform (e.g. top to bottom). Most soil series (SSURGO components) are associated with a hillslope position and one or more landform-specific positions: hills, mountain slopes, terraces, and/or flats. Proportions can be interpreted as an aggregate representation of geomorphic membership. The values printed to the left (number of component records) and right (Shannon entropy) of stacked bars can be used to judge the reliability of trends. Small Shannon entropy values suggest relatively consistent geomorphic association, while larger values suggest lack thereof. Source: SSURGO component records (updated 2024-10-23).

There are insufficient data to create the 3D mountains figure.

Competing Series

Soil series competing with CROSWELL share the same family level classification in Soil Taxonomy. Source: parsed OSD records (updated 2024-10-23) and snapshot of the SC database (updated 2024-10-23).

Select annual climate data summaries for the CROSWELL series and competing. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of median values. Source: SSURGO map unit geometry and 1981-2010, 800m PRISM data (updated 2024-10-23).

Geomorphic description summaries for the CROSWELL series and competing. Series are sorted according to hierarchical clustering of proportions and relative hydrologic position within an idealized landform (e.g. top to bottom). Proportions can be interpreted as an aggregate representation of geomorphic membership. Most soil series (SSURGO components) are associated with a hillslope position and one or more landform-specific positions: hills, mountain slopes, terraces, and/or flats. The values printed to the left (number of component records) and right (Shannon entropy) of stacked bars can be used to judge the reliability of trends. Shannon entropy values close to 0 represent soil series with relatively consistent geomorphic association, while values close to 1 suggest lack thereof. Source: SSURGO component records (updated 2024-10-23).

There are insufficient data to create the 3D mountains figure.

Soil series sharing subgroup-level classification with CROSWELL, arranged according to family differentiae. Hovering over a series name will print full classification and a small sketch from the OSD. Source: snapshot of SC database (updated 2024-10-23).

Block Diagrams

Click a link below to display the diagram. Note that these diagrams may be from multiple survey areas.

1. MI-2010-09-07-09 | Mackinac County - 1997

   Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Leafriver-Croswell-Wainola association (Soil Survey of Mackinac County, Michigan; 1997).

2. MI-2010-09-07-24 | Montmorency County - 2003

   Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Deford-Au Gres-Croswell association (Soil Survey of Montmorency County, Michigan; 2003).

3. MI-2010-09-10-05 | Keweenaw County Area - 2006

   Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Dawson-Au Gres-Croswell association (Soil Survey of Keweenaw County Area, Michigan; 2006).

4. MI-2010-09-10-06 | Keweenaw County Area - 2006

   Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Deer Park-Rubicon-Croswell association (Soil Survey of Keweenaw County Area, Michigan; 2006).

5. MI-2012-02-06-09 | Chippewa County - February 1992

   Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Markey-Kinross-Croswell association (Soil Survey of Chippewa County, Michigan; February 1992).

6. MI-2012-02-06-36 | Mackinac County - 1997

   Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Leafriver-Croswell-Wainola association (Soil Survey of Mackinac County, Michigan; 1997).

7. WI-2012-03-23-20 | Marinette County - February 1991

   Pattern of soils and parent material in the Menahga association (Soil Survey of Marinette County, WI; 1991).

8. WI-2012-03-23-33 | Shawano County - October 1982

   Relationship of sols and substratum in the Menahga-Croswell-Mahtomedi general map unit (Soil Survey of Shawano County, WI; 1982).

9. WI-2012-03-23-36 | Vilas County - June 1988

   Pattern of soils and parent material in the Rubicon-Sayner-Karlin association (Soil Survey of Vilas County, WI; 1988).

Map Units

Map units containing CROSWELL as a major component. Limited to 250 records.

Map Unit Name	Symbol	Map Unit Area (ac)	Map Unit Key	National Map Unit Symbol	Soil Survey Area	Publication Date	Map Scale
Croswell sand, nearly level and undulating	224B	2800	190272	2whw2	mi001	1993	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	2525	2574635	2whw1	mi001	1993	1:20000
Au Gres-Allendale-Croswell sands, nearly level	253A	1926	190296	6d0l	mi001	1993	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	1652	1455250	2xtn4	mi003	2007	1:24000
Croswell-Kinross complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	176B	1382	1455339	1kvdf	mi003	2007	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	6257	2574639	2whw1	mi007	1998	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	1212	2574644	2whw1	mi009	1976	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CswauA	384	3155897	2ythb	mi009	1976	1:15840
Kinross-Croswell complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	32A	3170	414972	fxt6	mi013	1984	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	16A	2338	414952	2xtn4	mi013	1984	1:20000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8113B	141	2441907	2mz06	mi013	1984	1:20000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell-Pence, very deep water table, complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8058B	66	2475139	2p2l6	mi013	1984	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	793	2574643	2whw1	mi029	1970	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	11613	2574650	2whw1	mi031	1988	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	20A	12103	415130	2xtn4	mi033	1989	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	88A	10820	415178	fy0v	mi033	1989	1:15840
Croswell-Markey complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	125B	1362	415082	fxxr	mi033	1989	1:15840
Allendale-Croswell complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	83A	568	415171	fy0m	mi033	1989	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	12311	2574645	2whw1	mi035	1977	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	14619	2574636	2whw1	mi039	1993	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	4059	189659	6cc1	mi039	1993	1:15840
Au Gres-Kinross-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	50B	984	189722	6cf2	mi039	1993	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CrA	13855	1588036	2xtn4	mi041	1969	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	1068	2574634	2whw1	mi047	1968	1:20000
Croswell-Au Gres association	CT	3905	189771	6cgn	mi051	1966	1:15840
Rubicon-Croswell association, undulating	RUB	3744	189854	6ckb	mi051	1966	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres-Roscommon association	CW	3173	189773	6cgq	mi051	1966	1:15840
Gladwin-Epoufette-Croswell association, undulating	GPB	2806	189783	6ch1	mi051	1966	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	2655	2574633	2whw1	mi051	1966	1:15840
Grayling-Croswell-Au Gres association	GU	663	189786	6ch4	mi051	1966	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres-Kinross association	CU	513	189772	6cgp	mi051	1966	1:15840
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell-Pence, very deep water table, complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	58B	1376	1456239	1kwbg	mi053	2007	1:24000
Manitowish-Croswell complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	53B	500	1456231	1kwb6	mi053	2007	1:24000
Croswell-Rubicon sands, 0 to 2 percent slopes	CrA	4566	189400	6c2p	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell loamy sands, 0 to 2 percent slopes	CpA	4006	189396	6c2k	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell-Rubicon sands, 2 to 6 percent slopes	CrB	1358	189402	6c2r	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell loamy sands, 2 to 6 percent slopes	CpB	938	189398	6c2m	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	601	2574631	2whw1	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell loamy sands, 0 to 2 percent slopes, overwash	CoA	563	189394	6c2h	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell loamy sands, 0 to 2 percent slopes, moderately eroded	CpA2	233	189397	6c2l	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell-Rubicon sands, 0 to 2 percent slopes, moderately eroded	CrA2	203	189401	6c2q	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell loamy sands, 2 to 6 percent slopes, moderately eroded	CpB2	125	189399	6c2n	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell loamy sands, 2 to 6 percent slopes, overwash	CoB	86	189395	6c2j	mi055	1963	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	75A	2434	416158	fz1g	mi061	1989	1:20000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8113B	2165	2483919	2pcqf	mi061	1989	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	17A	1109	416105	2xtn4	mi061	1989	1:20000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell-Pence, very deep water table, complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8058B	315	2486060	2pfyh	mi061	1989	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	11175	2574637	2whw1	mi069	1995	1:15840
Croswell sand, nearly level and undulating	224B	4327	191767	2whw2	mi069	1995	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	403	191717	6fhf	mi069	1995	1:15840
Karlin, moderately wet-Croswell complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	69A	12159	416008	fywm	mi071	1992	1:20000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell-Pence, very deep water table, complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8058B	1295	2475138	2p2l5	mi071	1992	1:20000
Manitowish-Croswell complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8053B	125	2474959	2p2dd	mi071	1992	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	17426	2574641	2whw1	mi079	1998	1:12000
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	2940	190630	6dcc	mi079	1998	1:12000
Au Gres-Kinross-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	50B	919	190662	6ddd	mi079	1998	1:12000
Croswell-Spot complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	174B	3558	631319	p5y4	mi095	2004	1:24000
Croswell, rarely flooded-Deford, frequently flooded complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	201B	1728	631370	p5zs	mi095	2004	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	20B	766	399620	2xtn4	mi095	2004	1:24000
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 6 percent slopes	88B	717	653852	pyd0	mi095	2004	1:24000
Leafriver-Croswell-Wainola complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	172B	15854	416349	fz7m	mi097	1994	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	20B	3178	416376	2xtn4	mi097	1994	1:20000
Croswell-Wainola complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	88B	1752	416430	fzb7	mi097	1994	1:20000
Croswell-Spot complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	174B	1110	416351	fz7p	mi097	1994	1:20000
Croswell-Markey complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	125B	433	416319	fz6n	mi097	1994	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	13491	395105	2xtn4	mi103	1999	1:24000
Croswell-Deford complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	118A	9344	394998	f80w	mi103	1999	1:24000
Greenwood-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	176B	4570	395129	f853	mi103	1999	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	11622	2574647	2whw1	mi113	1983	1:15840
Croswell and Melita loamy sands, 0 to 2 percent slopes	Cd	858	187275	68w4	mi117	1956	1:20000
Croswell and Melita loamy sands, 2 to 6 percent slopes	Ce	664	187276	68w5	mi117	1956	1:20000
Croswell and Melita loamy sands, 6 to 15 percent slopes	Cg	99	187277	68w6	mi117	1956	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	8374	2574638	2whw1	mi119	1997	1:12000
Deford-Au Gres-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	352B	5519	192248	6g1k	mi119	1997	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	14452	2574649	2whw1	mi129	1987	1:15840
Croswell sand, loamy substratum, 0 to 3 percent slopes	44B	3510	189918	6cmd	mi129	1987	1:15840
Croswell-Au Gres-Tawas complex, 0 to 18 percent slopes	120D	2251	1456543	1kwn8	mi131	2007	1:24000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell-Pence, very deep water table, complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8058B	753	1674795	1t6rn	mi131	2007	1:24000
Vilas, very deep water table-Croswell complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8113B	430	1674829	1t6sr	mi131	2007	1:24000
Manitowish-Croswell complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes	8053B	319	1674793	1t6rl	mi131	2007	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	29A	226	1456408	2xtn4	mi131	2007	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	5685	2574632	2whw1	mi133	1966	1:15840
Deford-Au Gres-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	352B	7632	241413	836j	mi135	2003	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	6072	2574630	2whw1	mi135	2003	1:12000
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	1429	241378	835d	mi135	2003	1:12000
Au Gres-Kinross-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	50B	5	241390	835s	mi135	2003	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	4443	2574640	2whw1	mi137	1998	1:12000
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	1776	191452	6f6w	mi137	1998	1:12000
Deford-Au Gres-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	352B	591	191483	6f7w	mi137	1998	1:12000
Au Gres-Kinross-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	50B	190	191504	6f8k	mi137	1998	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CrB	5662	192656	6ggq	mi139	1967	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	8227	2574651	2whw1	mi141	1989	1:15840
Croswell loamy sand, loamy substratum, 0 to 4 percent slopes	45B	3773	190897	6dmz	mi141	1989	1:15840
Deer Park-Croswell-Au Gres complex, 0 to 12 percent slopes	56C	3467	190914	6dnj	mi141	1989	1:15840
Croswell cobbly sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes	81B	1453	190951	2whw3	mi141	1989	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	22606	2574642	2whw1	mi143	1999	1:12000
Au Gres-Kinross-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	50B	14740	191003	6drd	mi143	1999	1:12000
Croswell-Au Gres sands, 0 to 3 percent slopes	15A	9905	190994	6dr3	mi143	1999	1:12000
Croswell-Kinross complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	562B	881	1538080	1nmhh	mi153	2007	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	561A	461	1538074	2xtn4	mi153	2007	1:24000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	CswaaA	29350	2574648	2whw1	mi600	1983	1:15840
Au Gres-Deford-Croswell complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	126B	3486	800765	vw84	mi605	2004	1:24000
Croswell-Au Gres complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	125A	1320	800767	vw86	mi605	2004	1:24000
Dawson-Croswell complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes	15B	1240	800735	vw75	mi605	2004	1:24000
Rubicon-Croswell complex, 1 to 12 percent slopes	113C	1043	800749	vw7m	mi605	2004	1:24000
Deer Park-Croswell complex, 1 to 12 percent slopes	112C	443	800748	vw7l	mi605	2004	1:24000
Shelldrake-Croswell complex, 0 to 8 percent slopes	110B	147	800745	vw7h	mi605	2004	1:24000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	705B	4720	1444477	1kh31	wi003	2006	1:12000
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	1470	1444453	1kh28	wi003	2006	1:12000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes	705C	1034	1444478	1kh32	wi003	2006	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	500B	483	1444431	1kh1k	wi003	2006	1:12000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	705B	19726	433296	gjw9	wi007	2005	1:12000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes	705C	9731	433299	gjwd	wi007	2005	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	500B	2284	433582	gk5j	wi007	2005	1:12000
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	1676	1147409	17hz6	wi007	2005	1:12000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	371A	826	782467	2xtn5	wi007	2005	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	500A	445	782475	2xtn4	wi007	2005	1:12000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	371A	4055	781200	2xtn5	wi031	2005	1:12000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	705B	1472	1487650	1ly0q	wi031	2005	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	500A	1105	781296	2xtn4	wi031	2005	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes	500B	267	781297	v704	wi031	2005	1:12000
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	202	1149640	17l95	wi031	2005	1:12000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CrA	1666	429995	2xtn5	wi037	1995	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes	CrA	1095	429834	2tnxv	wi041	1995	1:12000
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	4033	1701242	1v38s	wi051	2006	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes	500A	2147	782164	2tnxv	wi051	2006	1:12000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes	705B	1846	1697708	1tzls	wi051	2006	1:12000
Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes	705C	1305	1697709	1tzlt	wi051	2006	1:12000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	Cs	1519	421048	2xtn5	wi067	1983	1:20000
Croswell sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes	CrB	8196	431612	2tnxv	wi069	1993	1:20000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CtB	18661	422383	2xtn5	wi075	1987	1:20000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CsA	1618	395788	2xtn5	wi078	1998	1:12000
Croswell sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes	CrA	18833	421081	2tnxv	wi085	1988	1:20000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CtA	839	421170	2xtn5	wi095	1978	1:15840
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	4501	1292270	1dcq4	wi099	2006	1:12000
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	15	1145157	17fmk	wi107	2006	1:12000
Croswell-Chinwhisker complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes	591A	4881	1017815	1353r	wi113	2006	1:12000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	CtA	8021	422664	2xtn5	wi115	1981	1:15840
Croswell sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes	CrA	20589	421232	2tnxv	wi125	1985	1:20000
Croswell loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes	371A	465	435500	2xtn5	wi129	2002	1:12000

Map of Series Extent

Approximate geographic distribution of the CROSWELL soil series. To learn more about how this distribution was mapped, or to compare this soil series extent to others, use the Series Extent Explorer (SEE) application. Source: generalization of SSURGO geometry (updated 2024-10-30).