Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, Volume 154, Issues 1-2, 15 December 2009, Page IFC
[No author name available]

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, Volume 154, Issues 1-2, 15 December 2009, Pages 138-152
B.P., Malone , A.B., McBratney , B., Minasny , G.M., Laslett

There is a need for accurate, quantitative soil information for natural resource planning and management. This information shapes the way decisions are made as to how soil resources are assessed and managed. This paper proposes a novel method for whole-soil profile predictions (to 1m) across user-defined study areas where limited soil information exists. Using the Edgeroi district in north-western NSW as the test site, we combined equal-area spline depth functions with digital soil mapping techniques to predict the vertical and lateral variations of carbon storage and available water capacity (AWC) across the 1500km2 area. Neural network models were constructed for...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 20 November 2009
J., Fernández-Gálvez , M.D., Mingorance

Surfactants affect the water-related soil properties of water-repellent soils but may also affect those of wettable soils. The effect of five surfactants, belonging to three different types, at different concentrations on the hydrophobic behaviour of a nonrepellent agricultural calcareous soil is studied. Native soil was treated with anionic (Aerosol 22), cationic (TDTMA and HDTMA) and non-ionic surfactants (Triton X-100 and Tween 80) and vapour and liquid hydrophobic characteristics were evaluated. Anionic and non-ionic surfactants at any concentration increase water vapour adsorption but cationic ones reduce it when applied to soil above 50% soil cation exchange capacity. Absorption of liquid water...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 19 November 2009
John C., Panuska , K.G., Karthikeyan

The physical nature of sediment transport favors the movement of smaller and less dense materials, typically resulting in greater (enriched) sediment total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) concentrations than those of the parent soil. In rainfall–runoff, residue cover significantly influenced P enrichment, with the median TP enrichment ratio (TPER) for corn-grain (1.4) being significantly greater (p=0.007) than that for corn-silage (0.8) and manured corn-silage (1.0) fields, which were similar. While greater P enrichment was observed in snowmelt compared to rainfall–runoff, attributable to correspondingly high OMER values, TPER was unaffected by treatment differences (p=0.60). The OM enrichment was much higher...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 19 November 2009
K., Oleschko , G., Korvin , L., Flores , F., Brambila , C., Gaona , ...

We present a novel approach to multiscale fractal image analysis for monitoring the dynamics of the soil pore/solid network roughness due to moisture content changes. Roughness of the gray-level probability density function (PDF) of subsequent images of the drying soil was expressed in terms of its Hurst exponent (HPDF), which correlated significantly with the soil dielectric permittivity and gravimetric water content, as well as with micro-horizon depth and the temporal progress of drying. We documented an intermittent character of the water content dynamics, correlating with oscillations of the pore/solid interface roughness. Our technique of PDF roughness analysis of digital images,...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 November 2009
V., Kumaravel , S.J., Sangode , N. Siva, Siddaiah , Rohtash, Kumar

Apart from imparting color characteristics, the precipitation and dissolution of Fe-oxides (and hydroxides) during pedogenesis is coeval with transformation and translocation of major and trace elements. Based on rock magnetic and geochemical parameters for 27 paleosol profiles from three stratigraphic columns of Pliocene–Pleistocene Siwalik sequence in the NW Himalaya, we describe here the relationship amongst elemental mobility, Munsell color and low field mass normalized magnetic susceptibility (χlf). The study shows a consistent positive correlation of the rock magnetic parameters (principally magnetic susceptibility) with Munsell hue and Redness Rating (RR) index (Torrent et al., 1980, Blavet et al., 2000) of the...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 November 2009
Adel, Reyhanitabar , R.J., Gilkes

The kinetics of Zn extraction by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) from the ≤2mm fraction of 12 calcareous soils was investigated using surface soil (0–30cm) samples. Soils were equilibrated with 0.005M, DTPA solution for 0.25 to 192h. Zero-, first-, second-, third-order, parabolic diffusion and simple Elovich equations did not adequately describe Zn extraction kinetics. The best model for describing extraction data for all soils was the exponential rate equation (q=atb). q is the amount of Zn desorption (mg Znkg−1), a is the Zn desorption magnitude constant (mg Znkg−1h−1) and b is the desorption rate constant. Constant a ranged from 21 to 79.8...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 10 November 2009
N.R.A., Bird , E., Perrier

Network modelling and percolation theory now occupy a firm niche in soils research, aiding in the simulation and prediction of flow and transport processes. In this study we examine the connectivity properties of a simple parameterized 2D fractal network model by direct numerical simulation and theoretically, drawing on upscaling functions from renormalization theory. We demonstrate good agreement between the two approaches and extrapolate to systems inaccessible to direct numerical simulation. We examine the relationship between porosity, the pore-size range and the connectivity of the network. We show that for fixed porosity, the connectivity is a nonlinear function of the range...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 8 November 2009
C., Rumpel , A., Ba , F., Darboux , V., Chaplot , O., Planchon

The fate of black carbon deposited on the soil surface after burning of harvesting residues is poorly understood. In this study we quantified horizontal as well as vertical transport of total pyrogenic carbon and its chemically most stable part (OREC) during a rainfall experiment after an experimental burn. The aim of the study was to assess the importance of splash erosion versus runoff for the export of total pyrogenic carbon and OREC from soil. Our methodological approach included the comparison of 1m2 plots with splash erosion to 1m2 plots where splash erosion was prevented by mosquito nets. On these plots,...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 8 November 2009
J.U., Baer , T.F., Kent , S.H., Anderson

The rapid transport of water and solute through desiccation soil cracks can lead to crop water and nutrient stress as well as ground and surface water contamination. The objectives of this research were to determine (1) soil surface crack area, (2) fractal dimension of crack edges (D1), and (3) mass fractal dimension (D2) and lacunarity of soil surface cracks. Photographs were used to record in situ soil cracking in a Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Epiaqualf) at two locations for three sampling dates. Photographs of the cracks were digitized and an algorithm was developed to determine crack area,...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 6 November 2009
Urska, Zapusek , Domen, Lestan

Mixtures of artificial soil (10, 30 and 50% w/w) were prepared by adding sewage sludge (contaminated with 200±13mgkg−1 Cu, 867±18mgkg−1 Zn, 7±0mgkg−1 Cd, 122±6mgkg−1 Pb, 74±2mgkg−1 Ni) to the fraction of infertile mineral soil. The effect of accelerated ageing of artificial soils on metal fractionation (assessed by sequential extractions), mobility (assessed by extraction with deionised water and using the Toxicity Leaching Procedure, TCLP), phyto-accessibility (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, DTPA, extraction) and oral-accessibility (in vitro Physiologically Based Extraction Test, PBET) was simulated by exposing soils to alternate high (105°C) and low (−25°C) temperatures. Accelerated ageing affected the fractionation of contaminants metal-specifically and...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 4 November 2009
P., Renault , P., Cazevieille , J., Verdier , J., Lahlah , C., Clara , ...

The spreading of vinasse may favour soil anoxia and affect cation exchange capacity (CEC). Our aims were to assess the reliability of CEC measurements in reducing conditions, quantify CEC variations in a ferralsol under changing aeration conditions, and understand the mechanisms involved. In a first experiment, soil slurry was incubated for a succession of 7 oxic, 28 anoxic and 28 oxic days, vinasse being supplied when anoxia began. CEC was measured at intervals by exchanging Mg2+, Cu-trien or Co(NH3)63+, the solutions being characterized before and after exchange. In a second experiment, soil CEC was measured after the elution of NH4+...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 31 October 2009
J., Etame , M., Gerard , C.E., Suh , P., Bilong

Mt Etinde eruptions are dated at 0.65Ma. It is located on the SW oceanic border of Mt Cameroon, and is composed essentially of nephenilitic rocks. The weathering of nephelinites has resulted in the formation of a 150cm deep Andic Cambisol (Humic) consisting of three horizons: Ah/Bw/C. Mineral weathering was studied in detail in two profiles: one (P1) developed from unaltered nephelinite (nepheliniteU) and the other (P2) formed from hydrothermally altered nephelinite (nepheliniteH). Emphasis was on the impact of hydrothermal alterations on weathering profiles, to characterise the signature of halloysite in nephelinitic regoliths and to discuss the evolution of Mt Etinde...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 30 October 2009
Xia, Liu , Guangcan, Zhang , Gary C., Heathman , Yaqin, Wang , Chi-hua, Huang

Fractal dimension analyses of PSD and soil porosity were determined for the 0–20cm soil layer representing different plant communities and land management in the Yimeng mountainous region of mid-eastern China. The soil types in this area are typically comprised of coarse sand and gravel. The results show that, compared with the protected forest preserve areas, soil physical properties in commercial Chinese chestnut groves (CM), cropland (ZM) and mixed shrub–grass lands (SH) were more sensitive to soil degradation under their respective long-term management strategies. In general, amounts of silt and clay decreased under CM, ZM, and SH land practices, while fine...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 28 October 2009
Jeff B., deGraffenried Jr. , Keith D., Shepherd

Human-induced soil erosion has severe economic and environmental impacts throughout the world. It is more severe in the tropics than elsewhere and results in diminished food production and security. Kenya has limited arable land and 30% of the country experiences severe to very severe human-induced soil degradation. The purpose of this research was to test visible near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR) as a tool for rapid assessment and benchmarking of soil condition and erosion severity class. The study was conducted in the Saiwa River watershed in the northern Rift Valley Province of western Kenya, a tropical highland area. Soil...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 28 October 2009
Q., Zhu , J.P., Schmidt , H.S., Lin , R.P., Sripada

Hydropedological processes affect soil water and nutrient transport and cycling. This study evaluated the impact of hydropedological properties on soil N availability and corn (Zea mays L.) growth in three areas within the same field representing distinguishing but typical mid-Atlantic (USA) landforms. These areas included: a depressional area (Site A), a steep (14%) slope area (Site B), and a flood plain area with 1% slope (Site C); different soil types (Hagerstown, Opequon, and Melvin series, respectively); and varying hydrological features (soil water content, matric potential, and subsurface flow) in a Ridge and Valley agricultural landscape. A small-plot replicated study was...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 25 October 2009
Q., Dawson , C., Kechavarzi , P.B., Leeds-Harrison , R.G.O., Burton

Historical drainage of peatlands across the East Anglian Fenlands has led to subsidence and degradation of the vast majority of the regional peat resource, to the extent that many areas can no longer be classified as peatland. Water-table management strategies have been introduced to reduce the rate at which these peatlands subside and physically and biochemically degrade. We assessed the rate of subsidence and extent of peat soil degradation across an intensively farmed peatland where such water management measures have been introduced. When compared against historical reports of subsidence across the East Anglian Fenlands, the rate of subsidence does appear...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 25 October 2009
V., Bagarello , S., Sferlazza , A., Sgroi

Anisotropy, a (the log of the ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity, log10(Kh/Kv)), of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, affects transport processes in soil but is not routinely measured, probably because practical and validated methods are lacking. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of different constant-head laboratory and sampling procedures on anisotropy of saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements. The sequence of Ks measurements was varied (vertical conductivity, Kv, first, then horizontal, Kh, second and vice versa) for an experimental set-up considering five variables: 1) water ponding type (Mariotte or siphon); 2) saturation state prior to experiment start...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 25 October 2009
A.R., Dexter , G., Richard

A model for water retention in bi-modal soils (soils having structural and matrix porosity only) is further developed into a model for tri-modal soils so that the effects of macro-pores can also be included. This model is based on the exponential (Boltzmann) water retention function. It is suggested that this could be extended to include any number, n, of modes of porosity as may exist due to the hierarchical nature of soil structure. This is then used in combination with Marshall's pore model for hydraulic conductivity to produce a model for the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ksat, of n-modal soils that...

Publication year: 2009
Source: Geoderma, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 25 October 2009
A., Zanuzzi , J.M., Arocena , J.M., van Mourik , A., Faz Cano

Mine tailings are inhospitable to plants and soil organisms, because of low pH and poor soil organic matter contents. Vegetation establishment requires a soil system capable of supporting the nutrient and water requirements of plants and associated organisms. The objective of this study was to understand the influence of added organic and industrial wastes to the formation of soils in degraded landscapes left behind by past mining activities. Specifically, we stimulated the build up of soil organic matter (SOM) and the accumulation of calcite in mine tailing deposits. We amended field experimental plots with pig manure (PM), sewage sludge (SS)...